If you are a beginner or intermediate then this article gives you a good overview of RDBMS, RDBMS full form, and if you are an expert then it may help you to get something new on the same or help to refresh your knowledge. Well, in this article post, you will learn all about RDBMS full form, data, DB, RDB, DBMS, RDBMS, its components ad categories, type of RDBMS, key features and importance, how it works, differences in DBMS and RDBMS, DB objects, DB structure, and EF Codd’s rules, etc.
What is RDBMS Full Form?
Guys, RDBMS full form is Relational Database Management System. Before starting and learning all about RDBMS. You have to understand a few things about it like Data, Database, Type of Databases, Relational Database, Database Management Systems, etc. So let’s start –
What is Data?
Data is a piece of information, which has some means that is efficient for understanding, movement, or processing and does not carry any purpose or significance. In simple words, knowledge and information are in a raw form called data and it may be in images, videos, observations, symbols, graphs, figures, and in text form.
Example- Ramesh, Suresh, Mobile, Address, etc
What is a Database?
A database(DB) is a collection of data items that is systematic, organized, and structured as a set of formally described rows and columns form so that its contents can easily be retrieved, managed, and edited.
Example- Employee Data
| Employee ID | Name | Mobile | Address | Pin |
| E0001 | Raghawendra | 9495765421 | YC Space, Dwarka, Sec-13, New Delhi | 461001 |
| E0002 | Shiva T | 9768543212 | Indian Oil, Noida, Sector-15, UP | 231211 |
What is Relational Database?
A relational database (RDB) is a collection of data items that is systematic, organized, and structured as a set of formally described rows and columns in table form so that its contents can easily be accessed, managed, and updated using relationships or links while joining two or more tables. A relational database is created using the relationships between more than two database objects.
Example- Employee Table Data
| Employee ID | Name | Mobile | Address | Pin |
| E0001 | Raghawendra | 9495765421 | YC Space, Dwarka, Sec-13, New Delhi | 461001 |
| E0002 | Shiva T | 9768543212 | Indian Oil, Noida, Sector-15, UP | 231211 |
Department Table Data –
| Employee ID | Department ID | Department Name |
| E0001 | OPS | Operations |
| E0002 | IT | Information Technology |
Users can join the above tables using a join statement based on ‘Employee ID’ which is the common id between both the tables which also represents relation and the result can be displayed as given below –
| Employee ID | Name | Mobile | Address | Pin | Department ID | Department Name |
| E0001 | Raghawendra | 9495765421 | YC Space, Dwarka, Sec-13, New Delhi | 461001 | OPS | Operations |
| E0002 | Shiva T | 9768543212 | Indian Oil, Noida, Sector-15, UP | 231211 | IT | Information Technology |
What is DBMS?
A DBMS full form is a Database Management System which is a software having a set of programs that enables to storage, modification, and extraction of information from a database as well as production reports. DBMS also provides users to add, delete, access, modify and analyze data stored in one location.
Example- Notepad, Paint, WordPad, MS Office, Fox-Pro, MS Access, IMS, etc
What is RDBMS?
As earlier explained that RDBMS full form is Relational Database Management System is just like DBMS software having a set of programs that enables storage, modification, and extract information from a database as well as production reports that are based on the relational model. Most popular databases are currently based on the relational database model. A relational database management system satisfies 8 to 10 rules of E F Codd’s out of 12 rules.
Example- Oracle, IBM DB2, Microsoft SQL Server, MySQL, PostgreSQL, etc
Basic Components of RDBMS
5 basic components in relational database management system –
- Hardware
- Software
- Data
- Procedure
- Database Access Language
Key Components of RDBMS
There are basically 4 key components of RDBMS as follows –
- Tables- Tables are the main data storage in relational database management systems. Each table acts as an entity in RDBMS and a relationship is established between entities using keys or key constraints.
- Columns- Columns are primary data storage used to store the data in a table. Each column has a specific data type as well as its size that stores a specific type of data or information.
- Rows- Rows are known as records that are used to store the data in a table. Each row is known as a single instance of an entity and has data or information about that entity in it.
- Keys- Keys are specific rules that are associated with a column or a group of columns that are used to uniquely identify a row in a table. Keys are also used to establish relationships between tables in an RDBMS. There are various types of keys like primary keys, foreign keys, unique keys, etc.
Categories of RDBMS
14 types of databases are being used nowadays –
- Distributed Database: A database that has distributed its data at various organizations and locations and does not have it in one place is called distributed database.
- Relational Database: A database that has relationships with data in the form of columns, rows, and tables is called a relational database.
- Object-Oriented Database: A database that supports and stores data and information in all data types of objects is called Object-Oriented Database. PostgreSQL is the example
- Centralized Database: A database that stores application at a remote location and support users to access the data remotely is called a centralized database.
- Open-Source Database: A database that stores operations data and information like the field, marketing, customer service, and employee relations is called an open-source database.
- Cloud Database: A database that is built and optimized in a virtual environment is called a cloud database.
- NoSQL Database: A database that is used for large-level distributed data is called a cloud database.
- Graph Database: A database that is graph oriented and uses graphs to store maps, and queries called a Graph database.
- OLTP Database: A database that maintains data integrity in a multi-access environment and processes queries very fast is called an OLTP database.
- Personal database: A database stored on a personal computer is called a personal database.
- Multimodal Database: A database that supports various data models is called a multimodal database.
- Document/JSON Database: A database which document-oriented database using XML, BSON, and JSON format is called Document/JSON database.
- Hierarchical Database: A database that supports parent-child relationships to store data is called a hierarchical database.
- Network Database: A database that supports many-to-many relationships is called a network database.
Types of RDBMS
There are several types of RDBMS where few are given below as follows –
- Microsoft SQL Server- Microsoft SQL Server is a commercial RDBMS that runs on Windows-based operating systems, recent versions of it supporting Linux/Unix OS too. It is being used by medium-sized to large-sized businesses.
- Oracle- Oracle is a commercial RDBMS that runs on Linux/Unix-based operating systems. It is being used by medium-sized to large-sized businesses.
- MySQL- MySQL is an open-source (Freeware) RDBMS that runs on Windows/Linux/Unix-based operating systems. It is being used by small-sized to medium-sized businesses for web-based applications.
- PostgreSQL- PostgreSQL is an open-source (Freeware) RDBMS that runs on Windows/Linux/Unix-based operating systems. It is being used by medium-sized to large-sized businesses for web-based applications.
- SQLite- SQLite is an open-source (Freeware) RDBMS that runs on mobile-based operating systems. It is being used for embedded applications and mobile devices.
Key Features and Advantages of RDBMS
There are several key features of RDBMS where few are given below as follows –
- Data Integration- RDBMS allows to integration (migrating) of data into an RDBMS from multiple data sources.
- Data Manipulation- RDBMS allows various data manipulation features like data sorting, filtering, aggregations, etc.
- Data Backup and Recovery- RDBMS ensures that the data in RDBMS is protected and always available in case of disaster. It also provides backup, restoration, and recovery features.
- Data Security- RDBMS provides various security features to protect sensitive data using user authentication and data encryption.
- Data Scalability- RDBMS maintains high availability and scalability of large amounts of data to manage and store.
- Easy to Use- RDBMS is very easy to use and provides a centralized repository for data.
Why is RDBMS Important?
RDBMS is important in the following key terms –
- Data Organization- The most important benefit of RDBMS is that it allows for efficient data organization. RDBMS stores organized data in a structured manner by using tables, columns, rows, and keys which makes it easy to access and manage.
- Data Integrity and Security- Another benefit of RDBMS is that it ensures data integrity and security. You can validate and control data using constraints and rules at the time of storing incorrect or unauthorized data. RDBMS provides advanced security like encryption and access controls to ensure to protect the sensitive data.
- Data Scalability- RDBMS is designed with scalability which allows to addition and management of large amounts of data. RDBMS can be easily re-configured to accommodate data size growth to ensure that the database is still efficient and manageable while the size of database growth.
How RDBMS Works?
The RDBMS full form is Relational Database Management System that organizes data into tables and the table represents an individual entity itself. A table contains columns, rows, and keys where columns are primary data storage. The tables are related to other tables through a key and column that allows them to combine (join) and easily extracted data.
RDBMS retrieves the requested data from the appropriate table and combines (joins) it with data from other tables as per need when a user executed a SQL query.
Difference between DBMS and RDBMS
6 basic difference between DBMS and RDBMS –
- In DBMS no relationship concepts but RDBMS is used to establish the relationship concept between two objects of database-like tables.
- A DBMS supports single users only but RDBMS supports multiple users.
- In DBMS treats data as files internally but RDBMS treats data as tables internally.
- A DBMS satisfies 3 to 6 rules of Dr. Edgar F Codd out of 12 rules but RDBMS satisfies 8 to 10 rules of Dr. Edgar F Codd out of 12 rules.
- In DBMS requires a low level of software and hardware configurations but RDBMS requires a high level of software and hardware configurations.
- DBMS Notepad, WordPad, FoxPro, IMS, Excel, and Access are examples but in RDBMS Oracle, IBM DB2, Microsoft SQL Server, MySQL, and PostgreSQL are examples.
- DBMS full form is Database Management System and RDBMS full form is a Relational Database Management system.
Database Objects
There are mainly 4 database objects in in Microsoft SQL Server – 1. Master, Model, 3. Msdb and 4. Tempdb where few are sub database objects mentioned below for reference –
1. Database 2. Transaction Log 3. Tables 4. File groups 5. Diagrams 6. Views 7. Stored Procedures 8. User-defined functions 9. Indexes 10. CLR assemblies 11. Reports 12. Full-text Catalogs 13. User-defined data types 14. Roles 15. Users, 16. Schemas, 17. Journals, 18. Aliases, 19. Views, 20. Constraints, 21. Triggers, 22. Sequences, 23, User-defined Types, 24, Global Variables, and 25. SQL objects
SQL Database Structure
There are two types of structures of a database 1. Physical, 2. Logical
| Sr. No | Physical | Logical |
| 1 | Data Files | DB Objects |
| 2 | Controls | Tables |
| 3 | Logs | Views |
| 4 | Synonyms | |
| 5 | Sequences (Auto Increment, Identity) | |
| 6 | Indexes | |
| 7 | Stored Procedures | |
| 8 | Functions | |
| 9 | Triggers | |
| 10 | Data Types | |
| 11 | Roles | |
| 12 | Users | |
| 13 | Schemas | |
| 14 | Aliases | |
| 15 | Constraints | |
| 16 | Sequences | |
| 17 | Variables |
About Dr. Edgar F Codd
Before starting and learning all about Dr. Edgar F. Codd’s 12 rules, let us know a summary about Dr. Edgar F. Codd – “Dr. Edgar Frank Codd was born on 19th August 1923 at Fortunewell, Dorest, England. He was an English computer scientist. Dr. Edgar Frank Codd called the father of relational database management because he was invented the relational model for database management at the time while he was working for IBM. He worked too much on the relational model of DBMS and according to him twelve (12) rules came up that a database must follow to be a true relational database management system. These twelve (12) rules are the fundamental rule and give a base to apply other rules on RDBMS. Dr. Edgar F. Codd died on 18th April 2003 at Williams Island Aventura, Florida, USA at that time he was approx. 79 years old”.
Dr. Edgar F Codd’s 12 Rules
Twelve (12) rules of Dr. Edgar Frank Codd are given below –
1. Information Rule, 2. Guaranteed Access Rule, 3. Systematic Treatment of NULL values, 4. Active Online Catalogue, 5. Comprehensive data Sub-Language Rule, 6. View Updating Rule, 7. High-Level Insert, Update and Delete Rule , 8. Physical Data Independence, 9. Logical Data Independence , 10. Integrity Independence, 11. Distribution Independence , and 12. Non-Subversion Rule.
Refer the twelve rules of Dr. Edgar Frank Codd in detail are given below –
1. Information Rule
All information or data values (elements) should be accessible logically in a combination of column name (attributes), and row value (primary key) of a table name and data should not be accessed by pointers.
2. Guaranteed Access Rule
All information’s or data values (elements) should be accessible logically in combination of column name (attributes), row value (primary key) of a table name and data should not be accessed by pointers.
3. Systematic Treatment of NULL values
Systematic treatment must be given to the NULL values data in the database because a NULL value data might have different means like data is missing, data is not applicable or data is not known
4. Active Online Catalogue
An authorized user can use a query to access an online catalog which must have stored the structure and description of the whole database like a data dictionary.
5. Comprehensive data Sub-Language Rule
A database should have supported a capable language that has the linear syntax of data definition, manipulation, and transaction operations. The database can be accessed directly using this language only or through other applications which support that database language only. No other medium is allowed to access the data.
6. View Updating Rule
All database views can be updated theoretically and also should be updated by the system
7. High-Level Insert, Update and Delete Rule
A RDBMS should not be limited to inserting, updating, and deleting a single row although it should support high-level insertion, updating, and deletion, and also it supports minus operation, union, and the intersection of data.
8. Physical Data Independence
How the information and data are physically stored in RDBMS and any changes in physical structure should not have any impact or concerns on the application
9. Logical Data Independence
This is one of the most difficult rules to apply any changes in logical information or data should not impact any changes in the application which means logical data or information should be independent of its user.
10. Integrity Independence
Integrity Independence: The database should be independent of frontend interfaces and applications that all integrity constraints should be independently updated without any changes in the application.
11. Distribution Independence
A Database should be distributed database system and an end-user should not see that the data is distributed at another location although the user can see that the data is located at one location
12. Non-Subversion Rule
A user should not able to subvert the system, or bypass security or integrity constraints if the system has an interface that provides access to low-level records of this interface.
FAQs
Refer the full forms as follows –
DB: Database, RDB: Relational Database, DBMS: Database Management System, RDBMS: RDBMS full form is Relational Database Management System.
Relational Database work on the basis of relationships between two or more tables.
Relational Database work on the basis of relationships between two or more tables and also ensures that every user can see the same information or data from the database.
10 popular relational database models are – 1. MS SQL Server, 2. Answer- MySQL, 3. Oracle, PostgreSQL, 4. MS Access, 5. IBM DB2, 6. Informix, 7. MariaDB, 8. SQLite, 9. Azure SQL, 10. MariaDB, etc.
NoSQL is being used for big data only and it is not a replace relational database management system.
SQL (Structured Query Language) is a database programming language and used to communicate with relational database management systems. RDBMS is a type of database management system that uses SQL standards.
Conclusion
This tutorial post described basics and advanced knowledge of RDBMS and RDBMS full form. A RDBMS is a software that having a set of programs that enables storage, modification, and extract information from a database as well as production reports that are based on the relational model. It will provide enough understanding for beginners. We hope you would have liked this tutorial very well.
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